PENDAHULUAN
A.LATAR
BELAKANG
Bahasa Inggris
bukan lah bahasa yang asing lagi untuk saat ini. Bahasa Inggris kini sudah
menjadi second mother language setelah bahasa Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan
bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa Internasional. Bahasa pemersatu antar Negara
diseluruh belahan dunia, guna melancarkan komunikasi yang terjalin diantara
keduanya. Oleh karena itu bahasa Inggris sudah dikenalkan sejak dini. Mulai
dari belajar mengartikan dan menghafal kata sampai merangkai beberapa kata
sehingga menjadi sebuah kalimat. Dalam bahasa Inggris kita mengenal banyak
sekali macam kalimat baik berdasarkan waktu kejadian kalimat itu berlangsung,
dan struktur kata pembentuk kalimat itu sendiri.
Dalam bahasa Inggris ada beberapa kata yang mendapat
perlakuan istimewa. Kata ini biasa disebut dengan modals. Dimana ada ketentuan
khusus dalam pemakaiannya. Ada beberapa bentuk kata modals yang akan kami bahas
dalam bab ini. Betapa pentingnya kita harus mempelajari bahasa inggris sesuai
dengan struktur yang benar,sehingga kita tidak salah dalam memakai modals dan
itu tidak menimbulkan makna yang salah
B.RUMUSAN
MASALAH
1.Apa itu modals
auxiliaries?
2.Bagaimana susunan
kalimat modals auxiliaries itu?
3.Apa saja jenis-jenis
modals auxiliaries itu?
4.Sebutkan
contoh-contoh kalimat modals auxiliaries?
DAFTAR
ISI
Halaman
depan-------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Pendahuluan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Daftar
isi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Bab I
Meaning of
modals auxiliaries-------------------------------------------------------------1
Bab II
Kind of modals-------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Kesimpulan-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Daftar
Pustaka--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
BAB
I
Meaning
Of Modals Auxiliaries
The modal
auxiliaries in English are : can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will,
would. Modal auxiliaries generally express speaker’s attitudes. For example,
modals can express that a speaker feels something is necessary, advisable,
permissible, possible, or probable; and, in addition, they can convey the
strength of those attitudes. Each modal has more than one meaning or use.
|
( BASIC MODALS )
  I can do it
You could do it
He may do it
She
+
might do it
It must do it
We
shall do
it
They should do it
Will do it
Would do it
|
|
||
|
( PHRASAL MODALS)
be able to do it
be going to do it
have to do it
|
Phrasal modals are common expressions whose
meanings are similar to those of some of the modal auxiliaries. For example :
be able to is similar to can; be going to is similar to will.
An infinitive ( to + the simple form of a verb) is used in these similar
expressions.
|
BAB
II
Kinds
of Modals Auxiliaries
The modals auxiliaries : can, could, will, would, shall,
should, must, may, might. As already indicated, the modal auxiliaries are used
for the same purpose as the functional auxiliaries but also have independent
meanings of their own.
CAN
and COULD
- Can
indicates ability, either physical or mental. It is also used to indicates
permission. Exp:
1.
She can answer all the teacher’s
questions. (she has the ability to do it, she knows how to do it)
2.
Automobiles can travel at speeds of a
hundred miles an hour. (they possess the capability)
3.
She can leave early today. (she has
permission to leave early)
- Could
is used as a past form for can in all its meaning, both in main or
subordinate clauses.
1.
She couldn’t leave before five thirty
because she was busy
2.
She said that he could finish the work
in an hour.
- Both
can and could, like all the modal auxiliaries, are always followed by the
simple form of the verb.
WILL
and WOULD
- Will
is used to indicates the future. In fact, will plus the simple form of the
verb is often called the future tense. The future tense with will usually
indicates an expected or scheduled future action, where as the going to
future indicates an intended or planned future event.
1.
Mr. Wilson will be back in a few
minutes. ( I expect him back)
2.
The plane will arrive at five o’clock.
(It is scheduled to arrive at five)
- The
future with will often suggests the root meaning of will, to be willing.
1.
I’ll help you with your homework. (I’m
willing to help you)
- Very
occasionally, will is used for a habitual action in the present.
2.
They sit in the room all the day long.
They will sing a few songs or they will write in their note books or they will
draw pictures on the blackboard.
- Would
is used as a past tense for will. In a main clause, it is used for a
habitual action in the past.
3.
They would go to the store every day at
exacly the same time.
Otherwise,
it occurs principally in subordinate clauses.
4.
He said that he would return in a few
minutes.
- Both
will and would are always followed by the simple form of the verb.
- Both
will and would are used in polite imperatives
5.
Will you speak to the boss for me
6.
Would you sit over there
Would
like is a polite equivalen of want. It is not an equivalen of like in its
ordinary meaning of to be pleasing.
1.
I want to see the end of the program
2.
I would like to the see the end of the
program.
SHALL
and SHOULD
- The
only surviving natural use of shall in American English is in questions
with I and We. It asks for agreement with or advice about a proposed
action.
1.
Shall we go to the movies tonight? (Do
you agree that we should go to the movies tonight)
2.
Shall I wear my new dress tonight ? (Give
me some advice about whether or not to wear my new dress tonight)
- Shall
also survives in legal documents and orders as an imperative.
1.
He shall proceed to Fort Monmouth on or
about the 29th of May
- Shall
is always followed by the simple form of the verb.
- Should
indicates an obligation or a duty, or an action which will be of advantage
to the subject.
2.
You should do every sentence in that
exercise. (It’s your duty to do them)
3.
Every citizen should vote in the
election. (It’s his obligation to do so)
4.
You should meet Hellen. (It will be to
your advantage to meet her)
- Should
also indicates an impending or expected event.
1.
He should arrive in a few minutes. (He
is expected to arrive)
- Should
is used in questions with I and We in the same sense as shall.
2.
Should I go to the dance with Tom or
Dick ?
- Should
is always followed by the simple form of the main verb.
MUST
- Must
is usually described as the auxiliary of necessity. That is, it is
necessary for the subject to perform the action.
1.
You must get at least seventy correct
answers to pass the exam. (It’s necessary to get at least seventy correct
answers)
- Must
is stronger than should
2.
You must do your homework. (Otherwise
you’ll fail)
3.
You should do your homework. (it will be
to your advantage)
- Must
it also used to indicates probability
1.
They must have a new car. (I’ve never
seen it befors, so it’s probably new)
- Must
is always followed by the simple form the main verb.
MAY
and MIGHT
- May
and might when used in main clauses indicates possibility.
1.
It may rain tomorrow. (It’s possible
that it’s going to rain)
- In
this use, might often indicates more doubt than may
2.
It might rain tomorrow. (But I doubt
that it will)
- In
subordinate clauses, might is used as a past tense form for may.
3.
He says that the may visit us soon.
4.
He said that the might visit us soon.
- In
very formal English, may is used for permissions.
1.
May I sit here ? Yes, you may
- May
and might are always followed by the simple form of the main verb.
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
Azar Betty Schrampfer,1999,understanding and using
English grammar, Jakarta : Longman/page 151-172.
J.Hall Eugene,1993,building English sentences,
Jakarta :Binaputra Aksara/page 10-20.
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